Gums are mucous tissue attached to the neck and alveolar process of the teeth. They are pink, shiny and tough. The gingival margin is called the gingival margin and is normally in the shape of a moon bud. The small groove between the gingival margin and the neck of the tooth is called the gingival groove, and the normal gingival groove is about 1-2 mm deep. The gingival protruding between the two adjacent teeth is called gingival papillae, also called gingiva, commonly known as gums, and some areas are called dental flowers, which refers to the mucous tissue that covers the neck of the teeth, pink, with many blood vessels and nerves.
牙龈是附着在牙颈和牙槽突部分的粘膜组织，呈粉红色，有光泽，质坚韧。牙龈边缘称为龈缘，正常呈月芽形。龈缘与牙颈之间的小沟称龈沟，正常龈沟深约1－2毫米。两邻牙之间的牙龈突起称龈乳突，也叫齿龈，通称牙床，有的地区叫牙花儿，是指包住齿颈的黏膜组织，粉红色，内有很多血管和神经。

The harm of gingivitis generally leads to: 1. Gingivitis only infringes the gum and does not infringe other periodontal tissues, so the teeth do not loosen. X-ray examination of alveolar bone, periodontal membrane, cementum is not abnormal. Mild gingivitis is more common in adolescents and adults. If it is not detected early, the condition can become serious and may develop into periodontal disease, which can harm dental health. 2. The common hazards of gingivitis also include dental plaque, which can cause gingival inflammation and irritation; If not removed regularly, the dental plaque can harden and form a mineral buildup called calculus, which provides a place for bacteria to grow and irritate the gums.
牙龈炎的危害一般导致：1.牙龈炎由于只侵犯牙龈，不侵犯其他牙周组织，所以牙齿不发生松动，x光片检查牙槽骨、牙周膜、牙骨质无异常。青春期和成年人较普遍患有轻微牙龈炎，若未能及早发现，情况可能会变得严重，并可能会演变成牙周病，从而危害牙齿健康。2.牙龈炎的常见危害还包括牙菌膜，会使齿龈发炎及造成刺激；若不定时清除，牙菌膜会变硬，并形成矿物积聚，称为牙石，为细菌提供地方生长，刺激齿龈。

Due to the different degree of disease, the treatment is also different: if the symptoms are relatively mild, as long as the removal of dental calculus, control plaque can be. If the disease is more serious, local drug treatment can be carried out, the general use of drugs include hydrogen peroxide, recurrent chlorhexidine gargle, iodine preparation; In patients with acute inflammation, antibiotics amoxicillin and metronidazole should be used together, which has a good effect.
由于患病程度不同，治疗方式也不同：如果症状比较轻的话，只要清除牙石，控制菌斑就可以了。如果病症情况较为严重，可进行局部药物治疗，一般使用的药物有过氧化氢、复发氯己定含漱液、碘制剂；而急性炎症病患，应配合使用抗生素阿莫西林和甲硝唑，有很好的疗效。

Try to stop smoking and drinking as much as possible, because alcohol and tobacco can lead to the loss of essential nutrients that teeth need. Rinse your mouth after meals and brush your teeth in the morning and evening to create a clean and hygienic environment for your teeth.
尽量戒烟戒酒，因为烟酒会导致牙齿所需要的必要营养物质的流失。饭后漱口，早晚刷牙，给自己的牙齿营造一个干净卫生的环境。

不一定；首先健康牙龈在刷牙时，是不会出血的。当口腔内牙菌斑或牙石大量堆积时，炎症刺激牙龈组织，使牙龈毛细血管扩张，通透性增强，血流量增加，与牙根相接触的牙龈上皮溃烂变薄，保护性差，此时正常刷牙、进食时，即可引起毛细血管破裂出血，应立即到医院进行检查治疗。但刷牙出血的原因有很多：如维生素C缺乏、刷牙用力过猛、各种血液系统疾病等。